Prepare for surgery

Preparing for Surgery: Evidence-Based Supplements and Techniques for Optimal Healing

Surgery puts major stress on your body, but what you do in the weeks before can significantly improve healing, reduce complications, and speed recovery. Evidence points to nutrition, targeted supplements, exercise, and simple habits as key players.

Nutrition and Supplements Backed by Research

Focus on protein — it’s essential for building new tissue. Aim for high-quality sources like chicken, fish, eggs, beans, and dairy. Many experts recommend boosting intake to 1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight daily before surgery.

Specific supplements with evidence include:

•  Arginine and glutamine — these amino acids support collagen production, immune function, and wound strength. Studies show they can improve healing and reduce complications, especially in major surgeries.

•  Vitamin C — critical for collagen synthesis and acting as an antioxidant. Pair it with zinc for better skin and tissue repair.

•  Zinc — directly aids wound healing and immune response.

•  Vitamin D — supports bone health and immunity; low levels are linked to poorer outcomes.

•  Omega-3 fatty acids — in immunonutrition formulas with arginine, they’ve been shown to lower postoperative complications and hospital stays in some patients.

Preoperative immunonutrition shakes or high-protein oral supplements for 5–7 days before surgery are particularly well-supported for reducing complications. Always check with your surgeon first, since some supplements must stop ahead of time.

Supplements to Avoid

Stop these at least 7–14 days before surgery because they increase bleeding risk or interact with anesthesia:

•  Vitamin E

•  Fish oil/omega-3 in high doses

•  Garlic

•  Ginkgo

•  Ginseng

•  St. John’s wort

•  CBD oil

Techniques and Lifestyle Prep

•  Carbohydrate loading — instead of fasting, drink carb-rich clear liquids the night before and morning of surgery. This reduces insulin resistance, preserves muscle, and improves comfort.

•  Prehabilitation (prehab) — light to moderate exercise, like walking or strength training, builds resilience. It can cut complications and shorten recovery time.

•  Quit smoking and limit alcohol — both impair healing.

•  Manage stress and sleep well — your mental state affects physical recovery.

•  Eat a balanced diet full of fruits, vegetables, and whole foods for vitamins and minerals.

Bottom Line

Talk to your surgical team before starting any supplements or major changes. A personalized plan that includes good protein, key micronutrients, carb loading, and prehab gives you the best shot at smooth healing. Small steps in the weeks leading up can make a big difference in how quickly you bounce back.